Multiply 2-3 digits by 3-4 Digit Numbers

Multiplication

Multiplication is also called repeated addition. When two numbers are being multiplied together, the first number in horizontal multiplication or the number on the top in vertical multiplication which is being multiplied is termed as ‘multiplicand’. The second number in horizontal multiplication or the number at the bottom in vertical multiplication which is multiplying the first number is termed as ‘multiplier.’ The answer which we get upon the multiplication of both the numbers is termed as ‘product.’

For example, 12 × 5 = 60, where 12 is the multiplicand, 5 is the multiplier, and 60 is the product.

As we all know, the keyword to remember the process of 2-digit with 2-digit multiplication is

Following the same procedure and expanding it according to the number given, we will learn how to multiply large numbers vertically with the help of an example step by step.

3-digit with 2-digit Multiplication

Example:  Multiply 632 with 47.

Step I: Arranging the numbers in a vertical format.

Here, 632 is the multiplicand, and 47 is the multiplier.

Step II: Multiplying 632 with the unit’s digit of 47 and writing the obtained number. Note that this will exactly be carried out as we multiply any number by a single digit.

Step III: Now we will place a zero under the unit’s digit of the number obtained in the last step.

We have to follow this step as we will be multiplying by tens place of 47 in the next step.

Step IV: Multiply 632 with the ten’s place of 47 and writing the answer to the left of zero written in the last step.

Step V: Add both the numbers obtained in step 2, step 4. The result will give us the answer of the multiplication.

Thus, 29704 is the required product.

4-digit with 3-digit multiplication

Example:  Multiply 5601 with 295.

Step I: Arranging the numbers in a vertical format.

Here, 5601 is the multiplicand, and 295 is the multiplier.

Step II: Multiplying 5601 with the unit’s digit of 295 and writing the obtained number. Note that this will exactly be carried out as we multiply any number by a single digit.

Step III: Now we will place a zero under the unit’s digit of the number obtained in the last step.

We have to follow this step as we will be multiplying by tens place of 295 in the next step.

Step IV: Multiply 5601 with ten’s place of 295 and writing the answer to the left of zero written in the last step.

Step V: Now we will place two zeroes under the unit’s digit of the number obtained in the last step.

We have to follow this step as we will be multiplying by hundreds place of 295 in the next step.

Step VI: Multiply 5601 with hundred’s place of 295 and writing the answer to the left of zeroes written in the last step.

Step VII: Add the numbers obtained in step 2, step 4, and step 6. The result will give us the answer of the multiplication.

Thus, 1652295 is the required product.

 Check Point

1. What is the answer to multiplication called?
2. Make a keyword for 4-digit with 3-digit multiplication similar to one given for 2-digit with 2-digit multiplication.
3. Multiply 340 with 86.
4. Find the product: 4972 × 503
5. Find the product: 9999 × 999

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